POSTWAR 1945-1965, Okwui Enwezor (Munique 2016)
a importante exposição em Munique incluiu Alice Neel, mas chamar-lhe pioneira do realismo socialista na América é errado.
Nem as cenas urbanas que pintava desde os finais dos anos 20 e que prosseguiu nos anos 30 anti-fascistas do New Deal, quando era paga pela WPA (Works Progress Administratioin) - e menos ainda os retratos cúmplices dos seus vizinhos afro-americanos de Harlem - correspondem à "arte proletária" do John Reed Club de Mike Gold, retratado em 1952 - 1929-35: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Reed_Clubs - nem ao realismo socialista do tempo da Frente Popular e do American Artists' Congress.
A prática do "humanismo" era outra coisa, e os arquivos da CIA (que a interrogou em 1955 e a vigiou até 1961) estavam mais certos: era uma "comunista boémia e romântica".
https://www.aliceneel.com/about/1930-1939
The United States had its own contingent of fellow travelers. As Alice Neel, considered by manv a pioneer of Socialist Realism in American painting, declared in 1951, "I am againest abstract and non-objective art because such art shows a hatred of human beings. East Harlem is like a battlefield of humanism, and I am on the side of the people here, and they inspire my paintings." The dandyish pose struck by the young George Arce in his portrait by Neel is hit a thin vencer over the violent life of teenagers of color in Spanish Harlem.
Alice Neel, quoted in Andrew Hemingway, Artists on the Left: American Artists and the Communist Movement, 1926-1956 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), p. 248.
The long pictorial tradition of a victimized yet heroic peasantry continued to empower artists to voice a strong "j'accuse!" against regimes of political domination. The Portuguese artist Julio Pomar thus painted the monumental female rice-pickers in Etude para Ciclo do Arroz II (Study for Rice Cycle II, 1953; plate 183) under the dictatorship of António Salazar.


